{"id":2602,"date":"2026-07-06T08:27:34","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T08:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/?p=2602"},"modified":"2026-07-06T08:30:22","modified_gmt":"2026-07-06T08:30:22","slug":"nastrojka-i-upravlenie-polzovatelyami-v-linux-vps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/articles\/nastrojka-i-upravlenie-polzovatelyami-v-linux-vps\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 Linux VPS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 (1 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 <a href=\"\/ru\/vps-linux\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"\/ru\/vps-linux\/\">Linux VPS<\/a>: <strong>\/etc\/passwd<\/strong> (UID, GID, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430, $HOME).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0425\u044d\u0448\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439: <strong>\/etc\/shadow<\/strong> (\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e root).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b: <strong>\/etc\/group<\/strong> (GID \u0438 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u2014 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e <strong>\/home\/<user><\/user><\/strong>, \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u2014 <strong>\/etc\/skel<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u0423\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 adduser (Debian\/Ubuntu)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo adduser alice\n# \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \/home\/alice \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0437 \/etc\/skel<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"448\" src=\"https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0417\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440-adduser.webp\" alt=\"\u0417\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 adduser\" class=\"wp-image-2604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0417\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440-adduser.webp 768w, https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0417\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440-adduser-300x175.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u00ab\u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u00bb \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e useradd (\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 home \u0456 bash\nsudo useradd -m -s \/bin\/bash alice\nsudo passwd alice<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo mkdir -p \/srv\/users\/alice\nsudo cp -rT \/etc\/skel \/srv\/users\/alice\nsudo useradd -d \/srv\/users\/alice -s \/bin\/bash alice\nsudo chown -R alice:alice \/srv\/users\/alice\nsudo passwd alice<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"448\" src=\"https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u041a\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439-home.webp\" alt=\"\u041a\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439 home\" class=\"wp-image-2605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u041a\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439-home.webp 768w, https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u041a\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439-home-300x175.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>getent passwd alice\nsudo -u alice -H bash -lc 'whoami &amp;&amp; pwd'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo usermod -aG sudo,adm alice\nid alice\ngroups alice<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo gpasswd -d alice adm<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0420\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\/\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo groupadd deploy\nsudo usermod -aG deploy alice<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 sudo (\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 visudo \u0438 \/etc\/sudoers.d)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0420\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 visudo \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u00ab\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0430\u00bb \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\nsudo visudo -f \/etc\/sudoers.d\/alice<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 sudo (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b sudo):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>alice  ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f nginx):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Cmnd_Alias NGINX_CMDS = \/bin\/systemctl restart nginx, \/bin\/systemctl status nginx, \/bin\/journalctl -u nginx\nalice ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: NGINX_CMDS<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"448\" src=\"https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0411\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439-sudo.webp\" alt=\"\u0411\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 sudo\" class=\"wp-image-2606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0411\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439-sudo.webp 768w, https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0411\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439-sudo-300x175.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 <strong>\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443<\/strong>:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>%webadmins ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: NGINX_CMDS \u2192 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443 webadmins.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NOPASSWD \u2014 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 (password aging) \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 chage<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\nsudo chage -l alice\n# \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c 90 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 7, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\nsudo chage -M 90 -W 7 -m 1 alice\n# \u0434\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\nsudo chage -E 2025-12-31 alice<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 (login.defs)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/etc\/login.defs:\nPASS_MAX_DAYS   90\nPASS_MIN_DAYS   1\nPASS_WARN_AGE   7<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 (PAM, Ubuntu\/Debian)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 libpam-pwquality \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \/etc\/pam.d\/common-password, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>password requisite pam_pwquality.so retry=3 minlen=12 ucredit=-1 lcredit=-1 dcredit=-1 ocredit=-1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>SSH-\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f SSH<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -u alice -H bash -lc \u201cmkdir -p ~\/.ssh &amp;&amp; chmod 700 ~\/.ssh\u201d\nsudo -u alice -H bash -lc \u201ccat &gt;&gt; ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys\u201d # \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 *.pub, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c Ctrl D\nsudo -u alice -H bash -lc \u201cchmod 600 ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys\u201d<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"448\" src=\"https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SSH-\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0456.webp\" alt=\"SSH-\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0456\" class=\"wp-image-2607\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SSH-\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0456.webp 768w, https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SSH-\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0456-300x175.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0432 sshd_config<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\nPasswordAuthentication no\nPubkeyAuthentication yes\n\n# \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c root (\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 sudo \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c)\nPermitRootLogin no\n\n# \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b\nAllowGroups sshusers\n\nsudo groupadd sshusers\nsudo usermod -aG sshusers alice\nsudo systemctl restart sshd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00ab\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo useradd -m -s \/usr\/sbin\/nologin backupbot<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 (\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430   ACL)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>setgid \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo mkdir -p \/srv\/project\nsudo chgrp project \/srv\/project\nsudo chmod 2775 \/srv\/project<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0422\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 ACL (\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo setfacl -m u:bob:rwx \/srv\/project\nsudo getfacl \/srv\/project<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0410\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b\nlast -n 10\n# \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435\nw\nwho\n# \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 (\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 faillog \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d)\nfaillog -a\n\n# SSH-\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\nsudo journalctl -u ssh --since \u00abtoday\u00bb\nsudo journalctl -u ssh --grep \u00abFailed password\u00bb<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c (\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f)\nsudo usermod -L alice\n# \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\nsudo usermod -U alice\n\n# \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (\u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a)\nsudo chage -E 0 alice\n\n# \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 home\nsudo pkill -KILL -u alice\nsudo userdel -r alice\n# (Debian\/Ubuntu \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e:)\nsudo deluser --remove-home alice<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043a-\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d, $HOME \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b, SSH-\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b (sudo\/adm\/www-data\/docker\/\u2026).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sudo \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <strong>\/etc\/sudoers.d<\/strong> \u0441 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439: chage\/login.defs\/PAM \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412 SSH \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0438 root-\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043d; \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <strong>AllowGroups sshusers<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b setgid \u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, setfacl.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432; \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430 offboarding (lock \u2192 kill \u2192 backup \u2192 remove).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 (1 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438) \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f 1. \u0423\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 adduser (Debian\/Ubuntu) 2. \u00ab\u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u00bb \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e <a href=\"https:\/\/ua.cube-vps.com\/ru\/articles\/nastrojka-i-upravlenie-polzovatelyami-v-linux-vps\/\" class=\"cube-excerpt-more\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2603,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[121],"class_list":["post-2602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-linux-vps"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 Linux VPS -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 Linux VPS -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 (1 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438) \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f 1. \u0423\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 adduser (Debian\/Ubuntu) 2. \u00ab\u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u00bb \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e Read more\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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